(Solved): 1. Natural selection's effect on populations Natural selection is a process that occurs because eve ...

1. Natural selection's effect on populations Natural selection is a process that occurs because every environment contains challenges for the organisms that live within it. As a result of variation in the population, some individuals are better suited to deal with these challenges than others. The individuals with the beneficial trait are more likely to reproduce, which, over time, makes that trait more common in the population. Traits that harm an individual's ability to survive become less common, as those individuals often die without reproducing. Thus, because of the natural effects of the environment, some individuals are selected to reproduce, and some are not. ? ? ? Range of values for the trait This graph represents the result of one pattern of natural selection. The horizontal axis represents the range of values of a certain trait, and the red arrows above the graph indicate which values are selected against in the environment. The vertical axis, and the yellow curves on the graph, represent how many individuals in the population have that trait. This specific graph is modeling selection. Which of the following scenarios is an example of the type of natural selection in the graph? (Note: None of the scenarios actually involve butterflies, so consider the butterflies in the graph as a metaphorical representation of the trait being discussed.) In a population of penguins, there is variation in the size of their wings. Rather than flying, penguins use their wings like flippers to propel them through the water. Larger wings can propel the penguins through the water faster, which means that they can catch more fish. In a population of frogs that live in a river, there is a variation in the size of the webbing of their feet. The trait ranges from very small webbing with toes that stick out, to very wide webbing covering all the toes. Every year, this river floods, and fast-moving water threatens the frogs. Frogs with small webbing in their feet are able to grab on to rocks and branches and climb out of the water Frogs with wide webbing are able to swim more powerfully and avoid being swept away by the river. Frogs with intermediate sizes of webbing are not able to do either of these things effectively, and many die every year in the flood. Number of individuals in population D XX Which of the following scenarios is an example of the type of natural selection in the graph? (Note: None of the scenarios actually involve butterflies, so consider the butterflies in the graph as a metaphorical representation of the trait being discussed.) In a population of penguins, there is variation in the size of their wings. Rather than flying, penguins use their wings like flippers to propel them through the water. Larger wings can propel the penguins through the water faster, which means that they can catch more fish. In a population of frogs that live in a river, there is a variation in the size of the webbing of their feet. The trait ranges from very small webbing with toes that stick out, to very wide webbing covering all the toes. Every year, this river floods, and fast-moving water threatens the frogs. Frogs with small webbing in their feet are able to grab on to rocks and branches and climb out of the water, Frogs with wide webbing are able to swim more powerfully and avoid being swept away by the river. Frogs with intermediate sizes of webbing are not able to do either of these things effectively, and many die every year in the flood. In a population of monkeys, there is variation in the length of the tail. The trait ranges from short tails to long tails. The monkeys use their tails to help support themselves while in the branches of trees. Monkeys with short tails cannot get as good a grip on a tree branch and thus suffer from deadiv falls more often. However, monkeys with long tails are more easily caught by predators. orizontal axis represents the range of values of environment. The vertical axis, and the yellow is modeling selection. stabilizing ction in the g None of the scenario. of the trait be directional) eir wings. Rath disruptive, penguins use their enguins through the water faster, which means th