(Solved): 2. In a cockroach population, the average cockroach size is \( 4.2 \mathrm{~cm} \). There is varia ...

2. In a cockroach population, the average cockroach size is \( 4.2 \mathrm{~cm} \). There is variation in size in this population, and some of this variation is heritable. Every day I crush the largest cockroaches. But every day some small cockroaches die due to desiccation. (a) Describe three possibilities for what might happen to cockroach size over several generations in this population and explain each of these possibilities. (b) In this example, what is the "trade-off?" (c) Do trade-offs affect evolution by natural selection? Explain. 3. In a cockroach population, the average size is \( 4.2 \mathrm{~cm} \). There is variation in size in this population, and some of the variation is heritable. The population also has variation in color such that smaller cockroaches tend to be darker in color than larger cockroaches. Every day I crush a fraction of the largest cockroaches. (a) What do you expect will happen to cockroach size over several generations (increase, decrease, no change)? (b) What do you expect will happen to the color of the cockroaches over several generations? (c) In this example, is small size an adaptation? (d) In this example, is dark color an adaptation? (d) Explain how linkage among traits can affect evolution by natural selection. 7. In a population of cockroaches, the average size is \( 4.2 \mathrm{~cm} \). There is phenotypic and genetic variation for cockroach size in this population. I crush the largest cockroaches every day, but over several generations, the average cockroach size stays at \( 4.2 \mathrm{~cm} \). (a) Provide two explanations for how this can happen. (b) True or False. This result could be due to gene flow.