"How does the principle of superposition apply to wave interference, and what are its implications for understanding phenomena like standing waves and diffraction? Explain the concept of wave-particle duality and its significance in quantum mechanics. How do the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and Schrödinger's wave equation contribute to our understanding of the behavior of particles at the quantum level? Discuss the concept of entropy and its role in thermodynamics, particularly in relation to the second law of thermodynamics."