87.(A). Otto Warburg and his coworkers first described “aerobic glycolysis”, which has come to be known as the Warburg effect. Diagram and describe aerobic glycolysis, in terms of the basic changes that occur in cancer cell metabolism relative to normal somatic cells. (3 pts.) (B) Diagram and describe “The Cell, Inc.” as an analogy for cellular metabolism. What functions as top and middle management? What are the two main types of cellular functions relating to metabolism and how do they relate to functions in The Cell, Inc.? (3 pts.) (C) What are the overarching goals of The Cell, Inc. and how are the two main metabolic function regulated when capital and raw materials (nutrients) are short or in plenty? (2 pts.) (D) What are the cellular “energy currencies?” What is meant by the statement “they are kept in a steady state far from equilibrium” and why is that important to the cell? (2 pts.) (E) Diagram four main steps of glucose catabolism. Indicate where intermediate molecules are involved, such as NAD(H), FAD(H2), ATP (ADP + Pi), CO2, and (H2)O. Indicate where substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occur. (5 pts.)