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(Solved): (a) Determine the squares modulo 4. That is, find integers \( a \) such that \( x^{2} \equiv a \) ...
(a) Determine the squares modulo 4. That is, find integers \( a \) such that \( x^{2} \equiv a \) \( (\bmod 4) \) for some integer \( x \). (b) Prove that if \( a^{2} \equiv 1(\bmod 2) \) then \( a^{2} \equiv 1(\bmod 4) \)