Advanced construction materials question.
Provide short answers to the following questions.
a) What are the failure modes associated with reinforced concrete beams that are enhanced in flexural capacity by externally bonding FRP sheets to their soffit?
b) Describe the most common strategies for the use of FRP composites in the seismic retrofitting of bridge columns.
c) Explain the mechanism by which FRP jackets can enhance the ductility capacity of plastic hinge regions in reinforced concrete elements.