Classical economists would cite all of the following as reasons why the government cannot smooth out the business cycle except that Question 21 options: A) the government has imperfect knowledge of the economy. B) only productivity shocks can cause real fluctuations in the business cycle. C) time lags between the onset of a recession and the implementation of effective countermeasures make anti-recessionary macroeconomic policies impractical. D) political constraints on policy actions prevent the government from carrying out effective policies.