Climate monitoring through satellite helps in fighting against climate change. Nonetheless, it has numerous challenges that should be dealt with for correct and genuine information. The main issues associated with remote sensing measurements are instrument calibration and stability, data quality and uncertainty, spatial and temporal resolution, long-term data continuity, data integration and fusion, cloud cover and atmospheric effects, Data Access and Distribution, as well as, data analysis
1. Instrument Calibration and Stability: Calibration of satellite instruments should have been precise in order to provide comparable readings across different periods. Instrument stability and reliable climate data require regular calibration and validation.
2. Data Quality and Uncertainty: Processing in satellite data are numerous in character as they may be affected by several reasons. These uncertainties are fundamental in correctly interpreting climate trends.
3. Spatial and Temporal Resolution: Fine-scale climate processes are beyond the limits of satellite observations. The art in meeting this continuing challenge is in balancing high-resolution data against data volume processing requirements in light of satellite resources.
4. Long-Term Data Continuity: Climate monitoring and trend analysis require sustained and consistent use of satellites over a given period. The missions are short lived, budgets are scarce, and technology continues to evolve, all of which pose major challenges in maintaining data continuity.
5. Data Integration and Fusion: In order to conduct complete climate research, the integration of the satellite data along with other observations and models takes place. Data harmonization, calibration, and matching require solid data integration methods.
6. Cloud Cover and Atmospheric Effects: Satellite observations are also greatly affected by cloud cover and atmospheric condition, particularly for the optical sensor. Such influences have to be incorporated in developing algorithms for reliable climate monitoring.
7. Data Access and Distribution: Satellite data should be made available to scientists, policy makers and other stake holders. To ensure optimal use of climate data, there is need for promoting open access and user friendly distribution systems.
8. Data Analysis and Modeling Capabilities: Large amounts of satellite data call for specialized computationally-intensive skills in data analysis and modeling. These aspects must be developed, as well as sustained for climate observations from satellites to be useful and informative.
These problems can only be solved by technological advancements, international collaborations, sustained funding, and policy support. t. Overcoming these obstacles will give greater confidence that satellite based information on climate is accurate and useful for the understanding of climate dynamics, which underpins decisions to tackle global warming.