I-86. (*) The U.S. penny was originally minted entirely of copper. However, after the year 1857 the U.S. penny was made of a variety of metals because of the high cost of copper. Since 1982 pennies have been made of zinc plated with a thin layer of copper. The modern penny weighs 2.500 grams, has a diameter of 19.05 millimeters, and an average thickness of 1.224 millimeters. Given that the density of copper and zinc are $8.96 g \cdot cm^{- 3}$ and $7.13 g \cdot cm^{- 3}$ , respectively, determine the percentage by mass of copper in a modern penny.

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I-86. (*) The U.S. penny was originally minted entirely of copper. However, after the year 1857 the U.S. penny was made of a variety of metals because of the high cost of copper. Since 1982 pennies have been made of zinc plated with a thin layer of copper. The modern penny weighs 2.500 grams, has a diameter of 19.05 millimeters, and an average thickness of 1.224 millimeters. Given that the density of copper and zinc are

8.96 g \cdot cm^{- 3}

and

7.13 g \cdot cm^{- 3}

, respectively, determine the percentage by mass of copper in a modern penny.

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