(Solved): Instructions There are seven normal forms described in your textbook. In practice, most database de ...

Expert Answer

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Normalization :
To prevent data duplication and preserve data consistency, the normalization process in database architecture is essential. The First normal form (NF1), second normal form (NF2), and third normal form (NF3) are the first three steps in the normalization process.


1) NF1:
The rule for NF1 is each column in a table must have atomic values, which means that it cannot have multiple values or repeating groups, according to the first normal form (NF1). This implies that there should be a single, indivisible value in each cell of the table.

The below table is not in NF1:




Tables should be designed to contain a single value in each column for each row in order to adhere to NF1. If a table has repeated groups of columns, those groups should be separated into distinct tables, and if a column contains multiple values, those values should be split into separate columns.

In the above example, because the columns "item1," "item2," and "item3" contain recurring sets of data, this table deviates from the first normal form. We must make a new table to house the items and use a foreign key to connect them to the order in order to normalize this table. The structure of the normalized table would resemble this:

Table orders(order_id, customer_name)

Table order_items(order_id, item_name)

In this structure, the order_items table contains the items associated with each order, whereas the orders table has the order information.