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(Solved): Paula Highsmith was quite distraught. She had returned from a routine checkup for her four-week-old ...



Paula Highsmith was quite distraught. She had returned from a routine checkup for her four-week-old daughter Jennifer. The pediatrician, Dr. Feiller, had informed Paula that he would begin giving Jennifer her DTP shots at her next appointment in a month. Paula phoned her mother, Marion Johnson. “Oh, Mother, I don’t know what to do.” “You were vaccinated as a child and you didn’t have any problems,” replied Mrs. Johnson. “You know my friend Julie? Her oldest son Sam had a seizure after getting the DTP shot when he was Jennifer’s age. And what about that couple on television that said the rubella vaccine was responsible for their son’s autism?”

“I don’t know about that couple,” replied Mrs. Johnson, “but Sam was vaccinated ten years ago. If the vaccine was really the problem, I’m sure they would have a different vaccine now.” “But now there are so many shots and, besides, the diseases they prevent have practically disappeared, so why do I have to have Jennifer vaccinated?” “Jennifer will be required to show evidence of vaccination before she’ll be allowed to go to school and perhaps even some daycare centers. Don’t you remember the article in the Buffalo News about the couple whose son wasn’t allowed to register for school because he hadn’t had his vaccinations? His parents said they had refused to have him vaccinated for religious reasons.”

This case presents many of the issues facing parents when they need to begin the vaccination series for their child. Paula wants to do what is best for her child and she wants to make her decision based on scientific fact not emotional rhetoric. 

What are the issues raised about vaccination by this case study and what kind of information will help Paula make an informed decision about vaccinating her daughter?

Use Influenza vaccine and answer the following questions to help educate a parent considering vaccinations for their children

1. (a) Describe the typical symptoms of the disease(s) caused by the agent.

    (b) What are the serious sequelae (complications) caused by the agent and how common are they?

   

2. (a) What kind of vaccine preparation is used (live attenuated; killed or inactivated; toxoid)?

    (b) Are there different kinds vaccine preparations available?

    (c) How long has the current vaccine been available?

3. (a) What side-effects are associated with the vaccine and what is the reported frequency for these side-effects?

    (b) What is the reported efficacy of the vaccine? { What proportion of vaccinated persons are protected from infection (or disease)? { What proportion of vaccinated persons are protected from serious disease?

    (c) What is the duration of immunity? Are booster shots necessary?

    (d) How does the latest number of reported cases compare with the number before the vaccine was available?



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Ans(1a) The flu is caused by an influenza virus. Most people get the flu when they breathe in tiny airborne droplets from the coughs or sneezes of som
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