Expert Answer
a. For the future receivables, the receiving/payment from each of the forward, money market, and option hedging are as follows:
- Forward hedge:
ADG has automatic permission to repatriate €3 million in 214 days. Based on the 7-month forward exchange rate of $1.3090/€, the expected amount of USD that ADG will receive in 214 days is:
$1.3090/€ × €3,000,000 = $3,927,000
ADG can lock in this exchange rate by entering into a 7-month forward contract with a financial institution to sell €3,000,000 forward for USD. Assuming no transaction costs, the expected amount of USD that ADG will receive in 214 days from the forward contract is $3,927,000.
- Money market hedge:
ADG can borrow in the Eurocurrency market at an interest rate of 2.40%. Assuming no arbitrage opportunity, ADG can borrow €2,952,789 (i.e., the present value of €3,000,000 discounted at 2.40% for 214 days) and convert the proceeds to USD at the spot exchange rate of $1.3088/€. The expected amount of USD that ADG will receive in 214 days is:
€2,952,789 × $1.3088/€ = $3,853,674
To repay the Eurocurrency loan, ADG needs to convert the USD proceeds to € at the future spot exchange rate, which is unknown.
- Option hedge:
ADG can buy a put option on the euro with a strike price of $1.3100 and a premium of $0.0509/€. By paying the premium, ADG has the right to sell €3,000,000 at $1.3100/€ in 214 days, regardless of the future spot exchange rate. If the future spot exchange rate is below $1.3100/€, ADG can exercise the option and receive $3,930,000 ($1.3100/€ × €3,000,000) for the €3,000,000 it sells. If the future spot exchange rate is above $1.3100/€, ADG can let the option expire and sell €3,000,000 at the higher spot exchange rate. Therefore, the worst-case scenario for ADG is that it loses the option premium of $0.0509/€.