q.3How do fundamental principles of theoretical physics, such as quantum mechanics and relativity, inform advanced theoretical frameworks like string theory or loop quantum gravity? What mathematical structures underpin these theories, and how do they reconcile seemingly disparate phenomena, like the behavior of particles at subatomic scales and the curvature of spacetime? Furthermore, how do these theoretical frameworks address unresolved questions in physics, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, or the unification of fundamental forces? Finally, what experimental evidence or observational predictions support or challenge these theoretical constructs, driving further exploration and refinement in the field of advanced physics?