(Solved): Q1 (a) What energy flows would be expected across the boundaries of a rigid \& insulated control vo ...
Q1 (a) What energy flows would be expected across the boundaries of a rigid \& insulated control volume, and why? \( \{5\} \) (b) What quantity is used to askess thermal equilibrium, and why? [5] (c) Explain, in words, the term 'Helmholtz energy' and its significance in the context of the second law of thermodynamics. \( [5] \) (d) What is heat and with what type of molecular motion is it associated? \( [5] \) (e) Explain, in words, the concept of entropy and its connection to the second law of thermodynamics. [5] (f) Explain why the conductivity of gases is several orders of magnitude lower than for metals. (g) Sketch plots of internal energy and entropy as functions of temperature for a substance between - \( 1000 \mathrm{~K} \) and \( 1000 \mathrm{~K} \). [5]
Answer i. A control volume is a fixed region in space chosen for thermodynamics study of mass and energy balances for flowing systems The energy that can be flow through rigid control volume are energy in the form of h