\sigma _(\alpha )=\sigma _(x)sin^(2)\alpha +\sigma _(y)cos^(2)\alpha =(\sigma _(x)+\sigma _(y))/(2)+(\sigma _(x)-\sigma _(y))/(2)cos2\alpha \tau _(\alpha )=(\sigma _(x)-\sigma _(y))sin\alpha cos\alpha =(\sigma _(x)-\sigma _(y))/(2)sin2\alpha